Kitáb al-Walíd ilá l-amsár bi-l-bay'ati li-bnayhi
[wa-fí sanati 125 AH 'aqada l-Walídu bnu Yazída li-bnayhi l-Hakamu wa-'Uthmánu l-bay'ata min ba'dihí, wa-ja'alahumá walíyay 'ahdihí, wa-ja'ala l-Hakama muqaddiman 'alá 'Uthmána wa-kataba bi-dhálika ilá l-amsári, wa-kánat nuskhatu l-kitábi:]
Text 1: The Islamic "Heilsgeschichte"
1.1. God bestows Islam on the people
ammá ba'du, fa-inna lláha tabárakat asmá'uhú, wa-jalla thaná'uhú, wa-ta'álá dhikruhú, khtára l-Isláma dínan li-nafsihí, wa-ja'alahú khayra khiyaratihí min khalqihí,
1.2. God sends messengers to propagate Islam
thumma stafá mina l-malá'ikati rusulan, wa mina n-nási, wa-ba'athahum bihí wa-amarahum bihí, wa-kána baynahum wa-bayna man madá mina l-umami, wa-khalá mina l-qurúni qarnan fa-qarnan, yad'úna ilá llatí hiya ahsanu, wa-yahdúna ilá sirátin mustaqímin,
1.3. Line of prophets culminates with Muhammad
1.3.1. God calls Muhammad to restore religious guidance
hattá ntahat karámatu lláhi fí nubúwatihí ilá Muhammadin salawátu lláhi 'alayhi, 'alá híni durúsin mina l-'ilmi, wa-'aman mina n-nási, wa-tashtítin mina l-hudá, wa-tafarruqin mina s-subuli, wa-tumúsin min a'lámi l-'haqqi,
1.3.2. Restoration of true religion and divine blessing through Muhammad
fa-abána lláhu bihí l-hudá, wa-kashafa bihí l-'amá, wa-stanqadha bihí mina d-dalálati wa-r-radá, wa-anhaja bihí d-dína, wa-ja'alahú rahmatan li-l-'álamína,
1.3.3. Pivotal role of Muhammad in the succession of prophets
wa-khatama bihí wahyahú, wa-jama'a lahú má akrama bihí l-anbiyáha qablahú, wa-qaffá bihí 'alá áthárihim, musaddiqan li-má nazzala ma'ahum, wa-muhayminan 'alayhi, wa-dá'iyan ilayhi, wa-ámiran bihí,
1.4. Believers respond to Muhammad's call
1.4.1. Emergence of a community of believers
hattá kána man ajábahú min ummatihí, wa-dakhala fí d-díni lladhí akramahumu lláhu bihí,
1.4.2. Confirmation of previous prophets' message
musaddiqína li-má salafa min anbiyá'i lláhi, fí-má yukadhdhibuhum fíhi qawmuhum, muntasihína lahum fí-má yunhúnahú,
1.4.3. Consequence: Believers stand by the revelation and defend it
dhábbína li-hurmihim 'ammá kánú muntahikína, mu'azzimína minhá li-má kánú musaghghirína, fa-laysa min ummati Muhammadin sallá lláhu 'alayhi wa-sallama ahadun kána yusma'u li-ahadin min anbiyá'i lláhi fí-má ba'athahú lláhu bihí mukadhdhiban, wa-lá 'alayhi fí dhálika tá'inan, wa-lá lahú mu'dhiyan: bi-tasfíhin lahú aw raddin 'alayhi, idh jahada li-má anzala lláhu 'alayhi ma'ahú, fa-lam yabqa káfirun illá stahalla bi-dhálika damahú, wa-qata'a l-asbába llatí kánat baynahú wa-baynahú, wa-in kánú ábá'ahum aw abná'ahum aw ashíratahum,
1.5. Caliphs continue Muhammad's ministry
1.5.1. God institutes the caliphal office
thumma stakhlafa khulafá'ahú 'alá minháji nubúwatihí, hína qabada nabíyahú sallá lláhu 'alayhi wa-sallama, wa-khatama bihí wahyahú, li-infádhi hukmihí, wa-iqámati sunnatihí wa-hudúdihí, wa-l-akhdhi bi-fará'idihí wa-huqúqihí,
1.5.2. Purposes of the calphal office and its role in the "Heilsplan"
ta'yídan bihí li-l-Islámi, wa-tashdídan bihim li-'uráhu, wa-taqwiyatan bihim li-quwa hablihí, wa-daf'an bihí 'an harímihí, wa-'adlan bihim bayna 'ibádihí, wa-isláhan bihim li-biládihí,
1.5.3. Scriptural evidence for the role of the Caliphs
fa-innahú tabáraka wa-ta'álá yaqúlu: "wa-law-lá daf'u lláhi n-nása ba'dahum bi-ba'din la-fasadati l-ardu, wa-lákinna lláha dhú fadlin 'alá l-'álamína."
Text 2: The caliphate and the divine "Heilsplan"
2.1. Position of the caliphate in God's plans
2.1.1. Caliphal power derived both by inheritance and direct divine sanction
fa-tatába'a khulafá'u lláhi 'alá má awrathahumu lláhu 'alayhi min amri anbiyá'ihí, wa-stakhlafahum 'alayhi minhú,
2.1.2. Caliphal rights secured by divine sanction; transgressors subject to divine punishment
lá yata'arradú li-haqqihim ahadun illá sara'ahú lláhu, wa-lá yufáriqu jamá'atahum ahadun illá ahlakahú lláhu, wa-lá yastakhiffu bi-wiláyatihim wa-yattahimu qadá'a lláhi fíhim ahadun illá amkanahumu lláhu minhu, wa-sallatahum'alayhi, wa-ja'alahú nakálan wa-maw'izatan li-ghayrihí,
2.2. Connection between "obedience" and the caliphate
2.2.1. Introduction of the theme of "obedience": transgressors agains caliphal rights punished as/like transgressors against "obedience" enjoined by God
wa-ka-dhálika sun'u lláhi bi-man fáraqa t-tá'ata, llatí amara bi-luzúmihá, wa-l-akhdhi bihá, wa-l-atharati lahá, wa-llatí qámat bihá s-samawátu wa-l-ardu,
2.2.2. Confirmation of pivotal role of "obedience" through Qur'ánic evidence
qála lláhu tabáraka wa-ta'álá: "thumma stawá ilá s-samá'i wa-hiya dukhánun fa-qála lahá wa-li-l-ardi 'tiyá taw'an aw karhan qálatá atayná tá'i'ína". wa-qála 'azza dhikruhú: "wa-idh qála rabbuka li-l-malá'ikati inní já'ilun fí l-ardi khalífatan, qálú: a-taj'alu fíhá man yufsidu fíhá wa-yasfiku d-damá'a wa-nahnu nusabbihu bi-hamdika wa-nuqaddisu laka, qála inní a'lamu má lá ta'lamúna".
2.2.3. Conclusion: universal "obedience" transposed onto the caliphate
fa-bi-l-khiláfati abqá lláhu man abqá fí l-ardi min 'ibádihí, wa-ilayhá sayyarahú, wa-bi-tá'ati man walláhu íyáhá sa'ida man ulhimahá wa-nasarahá,
Text 3: "Obedience" as part of a justification of caliphal authority
3.1. The importance of "obedience"
3.1.1. Role and function of "obedience" in the divine "Heilsplan"
fa-inná lláha 'azza wa-jalla 'alima an [sic?] lá qiwáma li-shay'in wa-lá saláha lahú illá bi-t-tá'ati llatí yahfazu lláhu bihá haqqahú, wa-yumdí bihá amrahú, wa-yunkilu bihá 'an ma'ásíhi, wa-yúqifu 'an mahárimihí, wa-yadhubbu 'an hurumátihí,
3.1.2. Divine graces bestowed on the obedient believer
fa-man akhadha bi-hazzihí minhá kána li-lláhi walíyan, wa-li-amrihí mutí'an, wa-li-rushdihí musíban, wa-li-'ájili l-khayri wa-ájilihí makhsúsan,
3.1.3. Fate of the disobedient
wa-man tarakahá wa-raghiba 'anhá, wa-hádda lláha fíhá adá'a nasíbahú, wa-'asá rabbahú, wa-khasira dunyáhu wa-ákhiratahú, wa-kána mimman ghalabat 'alayhi sh-shiqwatu, wa-stahwadhat 'alayhi l-umúru l-gháwiyatu llatí túridu ahlahá afza'a l-mashári'i, wa-taqúduhum ilá sharri l-masári'i, fí-má yuhillu lláhu bihim fí d-dunyá mina dh-dhillati wa-n-niqmati, wa-yusayyiruhum fí-má 'indahum mina l-'adhábi wa-l-hasrati.
3.2. The role of "obedience" in faith, its rewards and sanctions
3.2.1. Position of "obedience" in relation to faith and its enforcement by God
wa-t-tá'atu ra'su hádhá l-amri, wa-dhurwatuhú wa-sanámuhú, wa-dhimámuhú wa-malákuhú, wa-'ismatuhú wa-qiwámuhú, ba'da kalimati l-ikhlási llatí mayyaza lláhu bihá bayna l-'ibádi, wa-bi-t-tá'ati nála l-muflihúna mina lláhi manázilahum, wa-stawjabú 'alayhi thawábahum, wa-fí l-ma'siyati má yahillu bi-ghayrihim min niqmátihí, wa-yusíbuhum wa-yuhiqqu 'alayhim min sukhtihí wa-'adhábihí, wa-yanzilu bi-t-tá'ati wa-l-idá'ati lahá wa-l-khurúji minhá wa-l-idbári 'anhá wa-t-tabadduli bihá, ahlaka lláhu man dalla wa-'atá, wa-'amiya wa-ghalá, wa-fáraqa manáhija l-birri wa-t-taqwá,
3.2.2. Admonition to the reader/hearer to uphold the divinely ordained "obedience"
fa-lzamú tá'ata lláhi fí-má 'arákum wa-nálakum wa-alamma bikum mina l-umúri, wa-násihúhá, wa-stawthiqú 'alayhá, wa-sári'ú ilayhá, wa-khálisúhá, wa-btaghú l-qurbata ilá lláhi bihá,
3.2.3. Support for the admonition
fa-innakum qad ra'aytum mawáqi'a qadá'i lláhi li-ahlihá fí i'lá'ihí íyáhum, wa-iflájihí hujjatahum, wa-daf'ihí bátila man háddahum wa-náwa'ahum wa-sámáhum, wa-aráda itfá'a núri lláhi lladhí ma'ahum, wa-khubbirtum ma'a dhálika má yusíru ilayhi ahlu l-ma'siyati mina t-tawbíkhi lahum, wa-t-taqsíri bihim, hattá ya'úla amruhum ilá tabárin wa-saghárin, wa-dhillatin wa-bawárin, wa-fí dhálika - li-man kána ra'yun wa-maw'izatun - 'ibratun yantafi'u bi-wádihihá, wa-yatamassaku bi-huzwatihá, wa-yu'arrifu khírata qadá'i lláhi li-ahlihá.
Text 4: The covenant between God and the believers
4.1. The community, God and the covenant
4.1.1. The community could always depend on God's guidance
thumma inná lláha - wa-lahú l-hamdu wa-l-mannu wa-l-fadlu - hadá l-ummata li-afdali l-umúri, 'áqibatan lahá, fí haqni dimá'ihá, wa-lti'ámi ulfatihá, wa-jtimá'i kalimatihá, wa-'tidáli 'umúdihá, wa-isláhi dahmá'ihá,
4.1.2. The covenant between God and the believers, administered by the Caliph as manifestation of divine guidance and grace
wa-dhakhara n-ni'mata 'alayhá fí dunyáhá, ba'da khiláfatihí llatí ja'alahá lahum nizáman, wa-li-amrihim qiwáman, wa-huwa l-'ahdu lladhí alhama lláhu khulafá'ahú tawkídahú, wa-n-nazra li-l-muslimína fí jasími amrihim fíhí, li-yakúna lahum - 'inda má yahduthu bi-khulafá'ihim - thiqatan fí l-mafza'i, wa-multaja'an fí l-amri, wa-lamman li-sh-sha'athi, wa-saláhan li-dháti l-bayni, wa-tathbítan li-arjá'i l-Islámi, wa-qat'an li-nazagháti sh-shaytáni, fí-má yatatalla'u ilayhi awliyá'uhú,
4.1.3. The designs of evildoers (those refusing the covenant) and the fate awaiting them
wa-yuwaththihum 'alayhi min talafi hádhá d-díni, wa-nsidá'i sha'bi ahlihí, wa-khtiláfihim fí-má jama'ahumu lláhu 'alayhi minhú, fa-lá yuríhumu lláhu fí dhálika illá má sá'ahum, wa-akdhaba amáníyahum [sic?], wa-yajidúna lláha qad ahkama - bi-má qadá li-awliyá'ihí min dhálika - 'aqda umúrihim, wa-nafá 'anhum man aráda fíhá idghálan, aw bihá ighlálan, aw li-má shaddada lláhu minhá tawhínan, aw fí-má tawallá lláhu minhá 'timádan,
4.2. Wellbeing of the community rests on the caliphate and the covenant
4.2.1. The caliphate as keeper of the covenant and instrument for the bestowal of divine grace
fa-akmala lláhu bihá li-khulafá'ihí wa-hizbihí l-barri, lladhína awda'ahum tá'atahú, ahsana lladhí 'awwadahum, wa-sabbaba lahum min i'zázihí wa-ikrámihí, wa-i'lá'ihí wa-tamkínihí,
4.2.2. Covenant necessary part of Islam and safeguard for communal wellbeing
fa-amru hádhá l-'ahdi min tamámi l-Islámi, wa-kamáli má stawjaba lláhu 'alá ahlihí mina l-minani l-'izámi, wa-mimmá já'ala lláhu fíhi - li-man ajráhu 'alá yadayhi, wa-qadá bihí 'alá lisánihí, wa-waffaqahú li-man walláhu hádhá l-amra - 'indahú afdala dh-dukhri, wa-'inda l-muslimína ahsana l-athari, fí-má yu'thiru bihim min manfa'atihí, wa-yattasi'u lahum min amnihí, wa-yastanidúna ilayhi min 'izzihí, wa-yadkhulúna fíhi min wazarihí, lladhí yaj'alu lláhu lahum bihí man'atan, wa-yuhrizuhum bihí min kulli mahlakatin, wa-yajma'uhum bihí min kulli furqatin, wa-yaqma'u bihí ahla n-nifáqi, wa-ya'simuhum bihí min kulli khtiláfin wa-shiqáqin.
4.3. Appeal to keep faith in the covenant
4.3.1. Admonition to be grateful for the covenant
fa-hmadú lláha rabbakumu r-ra'úfa bikumu, s-sáni'a lakum fí umúrikum, 'alá lladhí dallakum 'alayhi min hádhá l-'ahdi, lladhí ja'alahú lakum sakanan wa-mu'awwalan, tatma'innúna ilayhi wa-tastazillúna fí afnánihí wa-yastanhiju lakum bihí mathná a'náqikum, wa-samta wujúhikum, wa-multaqá nawásíkum fí amri dínikum wa-dunyákum, fa-inna li-dhálika khataran 'azíman mina n-ni'mati, wa-inna fíhi mina lláhi balá'an hasanan fí sa'ati l-'áfiyati,
4.3.2. Arguments underlining the importance of gratefulness for the covenant and guidance afforded by God
ya'rifuhú dhawú l-albábi wa-n-níyáti, l-murayyi'úna min a'málihim fí l-'awáqibi, wa-l-'árifúna manára manáhija r-rushdi, fa-antum haqíqúna bi-shukri lláhi fí-má hafiza bihí dínakum wa-amra jamá'atikum min dhálika, jadírúna bi-ma'rifati kunhi wájibi haqqihí fíhi, wa-hamdihí 'alá lladhí 'azama lakum minhú,
4.3.3. Concluding remarks and appeal to believers
fa-l-takun manzilatu dhálika minkum, wa-fadílatuhú fí anfusikum, 'alá qadri husni balá'i lláhi 'indakum fíhi, in shá'a lláhu wa-lá qúwata illá bi-lláhi.
Text 5: Al-Walíd and the covenant(s)
5.1. Al-Walíd and the 'original' covenant between God and his community
5.1.1. Al-Walíd as faithful keeper of the covenant
thumma inna amíra l-mu'minína lam yakun mundhu stakhlafahú lláhu, bi-shay'in mina l-umúru ashadda htimáman wa-'ináyatan, minhú bi-hádhá l-'ahdi, li-'ilmihí bi-manzilatihí min amri l-muslimína, wa-má aráhumu lláhu fíhi mina l-umúri llatí yughbatúna bihá,
5.1.2. Actions of al-Walíd to further the Muslims' welfare and keep his side of the covenant
wa-yukrimuhum fí-má yaqdí lahum, wa-yakhtáru lahú wa-lahum fíhi juhdahú wa-yastaqdí lahú wa-lahum fíhi iláhahú wa-walíyahú lladhí bi-yadihí l-hukmu, wa-'indahú l-ghaybu, wa-huwa 'alá kulli shay'in qadírun, wa-yas'aluhú an yu'ínahú min dhálika 'alá lladhí huwa arshadu lahú khássatan, wa-li-l-muslimína 'ámmatan,
5.2. A "double covenant" as an extension of the covenant for the believers' welfare
5.2.1. Appeal to accept the double succession covenant and its advantages for the community
fa-ra'á amíru l-mu'minína an ya'hada lakum 'ahdan ba'da 'ahdin, takúnúna fíhi 'alá mithli lladhí kána 'alayhi man kána qablakum, fí muhlatin mina nfisáhi l-amali, wa-tuma'nínati n-nafsi, wa-saláhi dháti l-bayni, wa-'alima mawdi'a l-amri lladhí ja'alahú lláhu li-ahlihí 'ismatan wa-najátan, wa-saláhan wa-hayátan, wa-li-kulli munáfiqin wa-fásiqin yahibbu talafa hádhá d-díni wa-fasáda ahlihí waqman wa-khasáran wa-qad'an,
5.2.2. The specifics: appointment of his sons as successors
wa-wallá amíru l-mu'minína dhálika l-Hakama bna amíri l-mu'minína wa-'Uthmána bna amíri l-mu'minína min ba'dihí,
5.2.3. Arguments in their favour: their qualifications
wa-humá mimman yarjú amíru l-mu'minína an yakúna lláhu khalaqahú li-dhálika, wa-sághahú lahú, wa-akmala fíhi ahsana manáqibi man kána yuwallíhí íyáhú, fí wafá'i r-ra'yi, wa-sihhati d-díni, wa-jazálati l-murú'ati, wa-l-ma'rifati bi-sálihi l-umúri, wa-lam ya'lukum amíru l-mu'minína wa-lá nafsahú fí dhálika jtihádan wa-khayran.
5.3. Request for the believers' agreement
5.3.1. Appeal to give the bay'a to his sons
fa-báyi'u li-l-Hakami bni amíri l-mu'minína bi-smi lláhi wa-barakatihí, wa-li-akhíhi min ba'dihí 'alá s-sam'i wa-t-tá'ati,
5.3.2. Promise of continual rewards by God
wa-htasibú fí dhálika ahsana má kána lláhu yuríkum wa-yublíkum wa-yu'awwidukum wa-yu'arrifukum fí ashbáhihí fí-má madá mina l-yusri l-wási'i, wa-l-khayri l-'ámmi, wa-l-fadli l-'azími, lladhí asbahtum fí rajá'ihí wa-khafdihí wa-amnihí wa-ni'matihí wa-salámatihí wa-'ismatihí,
5.3.3. Double covenant in accordance with desire of the believers
fa-huwa l-amru lladhí stabta'tumúhu wa-stasra'tum ilayhi, wa-hamidtumu lláha 'alá imdá'ihí íyáhú wa-qadá'ihí lakum, wa-ahdathtum fíhi shukran, wa-ra'aytumúhu lakum hazzan tastabqúnahú,
5.3.4. Consequence: believers will strive to uphold double covenant
wa-tujhidúna anfusakum fí adá'i haqqi lláhi 'alaykum, fa-innahú qad sabaqa lakum fí dhálika min ni'ami lláhi wa-karámatihí wa-husni qasmihí má antum haqíqúna an takúna raghbatukum fíhi wa-hadabukum 'alayhi, 'alá qadri lladhí ablákumu lláhu wa-sana'a lakum minhú.
5.4. Al-Walíd's prerogatives concerning implementation of the double covenant
wa-amíru l-mu'minína ma'a dhálika, in hadatha bi-wáhidin min walíyay 'ahdihí hadathun, awlá bi-an yaj'ala makánahú, wa-bi-l-manzili lladhí kána bihí, man ahabba an yaj'ala min ummatihí aw wuldihí, wa-yuqaddimuhú bayna yaday l-báqí minhumá in shá'a, aw an yu'akhkhiruhú ba'dahú, fa-'lamú dhálika wa-fhamúhu,
5.5. Blessings for the Caliph and the covenant(s)
nas'alu lláha lladhí lá iláha illá huwa 'álimu l-ghaybi wa-sh-shahádati r-rahmánu r-rahímu an yubárika li-amíri l-mu'minína wa-lakum, fí lladhí qadá bihí 'alá lisánihí min dhálika wa-qaddara minhú, wa-an yaj'ala 'áqibatahú 'áfiyan wa-surúran wa-ghibtatan, fa-inna dhálika bi-yadihí wa-lá yamlikuhú illá huwa, wa-lá yurghabu fíhi illá ilayhi, wa-s-salámu 'alaykum wa-rahmatu lláhi.
[wa-katabu Sammálun yawma th-thulathá'i li-thamáni baqína min rajabi sanati 125.]
